Labor Law §240(1) Falls from height
Contractors and owners must provide "scaffolding, hoists, stays, ladders, slings, hangers, blocks, pulleys, braces, irons, ropes, and other devices which shall be so constructed, placed and operated as to give proper protection to a person so employed." Owners of one- and two-family homes who don't direct or control the work are left out.
The Scaffold Law, explained
Labor Law §241(6) Unsafe work areas
Contractors, owners and their agents must keep construction, excavation and demolition areas "so constructed, shored, equipped, guarded, arranged, operated and conducted as to provide reasonable and adequate protection and safety" to the people working there. Same exception for one- and two-family homeowners.
Workers' Compensation Law §§11, 29 Workers' comp and a lawsuit
A worker hurt by "the negligence or wrong of another not in the same employ", such as the property owner or the general contractor, can take comp benefits and also sue that party. Not a co-worker employed by the same company.