Labor Law §240(1) Falls from height
Contractors and owners, and their agents, must provide scaffolding, ladders, hoists, ropes and other devices that give proper protection to people doing building work: putting up, tearing down, repairing, altering, painting, cleaning or pointing a building or structure. The law excludes owners of one- and two-family homes who don't direct or control the work.
Labor Law §241(6) Unsafe work areas
Contractors, owners and their agents must build, guard and run areas where construction, excavation or demolition work is going on so that they give reasonable and adequate protection and safety to the people working there. The same exception for one- and two-family homeowners applies.
Workers' Compensation Law §§11, 29 Workers' comp and a lawsuit
If someone outside your own employer was at fault, such as a property owner or a general contractor, the law lets you take comp benefits and also sue that party. You can't sue a co-worker employed by the same company for the injury.